An heir apparent is an heir who (short of a fundamental change in the situation) cannot be displaced from inheriting.

An heir presumptive An heir presumptive is the person provisionally scheduled to inherit a throne, peerage, or other hereditary honor, but whose position can be displaced by the birth of an heir apparent or of a new heir presumptive with a better claim to the throne. When lowercased, "heir presumptive" can refer generally to someone who is provisionally, by contrast, is an heir currently in line to inherit a title, but who could be displaced at any time by certain events.

Today these terms most commonly describe heirs to hereditary titles Hereditary titles, in a general sense, are titles, positions or styles that are hereditary and thus tend or are bound to remain in particular families, particularly monarchies The person who heads a monarchy is called a monarch. It was a common form of government in the world during the ancient and medieval times. A 'Monarchy' is a form of government in which supreme power is absolutely or nominally lodged with an individual, who is the head of state, often for life or until abdication, and "is wholly set apart. They are also used metaphorically to indicate an "anointed" successor to any position of power, e.g., a political or corporate leader.

The phrase is only occasionally found used as a title, where it usually is capitalized ("Heir Apparent"). Most monarchies give (or gave) the heir apparent the title of Crown Prince or a more specific title, such as Prince of Orange Prince of Orange is a title of nobility, originally associated with the Principality of Orange, now in southern France in the Netherlands The Netherlands (pronounced /ˈnɛðərləndz/ ; Dutch: Nederland, pronounced [ˈneːdərlɑnt] ( listen)) is a country in Northwestern Europe, constituting the major portion of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. It is a parliamentary democratic constitutional monarchy. The Netherlands borders the North Sea to the north and west, Belgium to the south,, Prince of Asturias in Spain, or Prince of Wales Prince of Wales is a title traditionally granted to the Heir Apparent to the reigning monarch of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (and formerly the Kingdom of Great Britain and before that the Kingdom of England). The current Prince of Wales is Prince Charles, the eldest son of Queen Elizabeth II in the United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is a sovereign state located off the northwestern coast of continental Europe. It is an island country, spanning an archipelago including Great Britain, the northeastern part of Ireland, and many small islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK with a land border, sharing it with. See crown prince A Crown Prince or Crown Princess is the heir or heiress apparent to the throne in a royal or imperial monarchy. The wife of a crown prince is also titled crown princess for more examples.

This article primarily describes the term heir apparent in a hereditary system regulated by laws of primogeniture— as opposed to cases where a monarch has a say in naming the heir.

Heir apparent versus heir presumptive

In a hereditary system governed by some form of primogeniture Primogeniture is the common law right of the firstborn son to inherit the entire estate, to the exclusion of younger siblings. It is the tradition brought by the Normans to England in 1066. According to the Norman tradition, the firstborn son inherited the entirety of a parent's wealth, estate, title or office. In the absence of children,, an heir apparent is easily identifiable as the person whose position as first in the line of succession In hereditary monarchies the order of succession is followed to determine who becomes the new monarch when the old monarch dies or vacates the throne. Such orders of succession generally specify which descendant of the previous monarch, or in default of a direct heir, which sibling or collateral of the previous monarch, will assume the throne is secure, regardless of future births. An heir presumptive An heir presumptive is the person provisionally scheduled to inherit a throne, peerage, or other hereditary honor, but whose position can be displaced by the birth of an heir apparent or of a new heir presumptive with a better claim to the throne. When lowercased, "heir presumptive" can refer generally to someone who is provisionally, by contrast, can always be "bumped down" in the succession by the birth of somebody more closely related in a legal sense (according to that form of primogeniture) to the current title-holder.

The clearest example occurs in the case of a title-holder with no children. If at any time they produce children, they rank ahead of whatever more "distant" relative (the title-holder's sibling, perhaps, or a nephew or cousin) previously was heir presumptive.

Many legal systems assume childbirth is always possible, regardless of age or health. The possibility of a fertile octogenarian The fertile octogenarian and the unborn widow are two legal fictions from the law of real property that can be used either to invoke the rule against perpetuities to make an interest in property void or, alternatively and much more frequently, to demonstrate the seemingly bizarre results that can occur as a result of the rule. The rule itself,, though slim in reality, is never ruled out. In such circumstances a person may be, in a practical sense, the heir apparent but still, legally speaking, heir presumptive.

Daughters in male-preference primogeniture

The United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is a sovereign state located off the northwestern coast of continental Europe. It is an island country, spanning an archipelago including Great Britain, the northeastern part of Ireland, and many small islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK with a land border, sharing it with uses male-preference primogeniture Primogeniture is the common law right of the firstborn son to inherit the entire estate, to the exclusion of younger siblings. It is the tradition brought by the Normans to England in 1066. According to the Norman tradition, the firstborn son inherited the entirety of a parent's wealth, estate, title or office. In the absence of children,. This means daughters (and their lines) may inherit, but only in default of sons (and their heirs). That is, a female has just as much right to a place in the order of succession as a male, but ranks behind her brothers, regardless of their age.

Thus, normally, even an only daughter will not be her father's (or mother's) heiress apparent, since at any time a brother might be born who, though younger, would be heir apparent. Hence, she is an heiress presumptive.

For example, Queen Elizabeth II Elizabeth II is the queen regnant of sixteen independent states known informally as the Commonwealth realms: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize, Antigua and Barbuda, and Saint Kitts and was heiress presumptive during the reign of her father, King George VI George VI was King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions from 11 December 1936 until his death. He was the last Emperor of India (until 1947), the last King of Ireland (until 1949), and the first Head of the Commonwealth, because at any stage up to his death, George could have fathered a legitimate son. Indeed, when Queen Victoria Victoria was the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 20 June 1837, and the first Empress of India of the British Raj from 1 May 1876, until her death. Her reign as the Queen lasted 63 years and 7 months, longer than that of any other British monarch before or since, and her reign is the longest of any female monarch in succeeded her uncle King William IV William IV was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and of Hanover from 26 June 1830 until his death on 20 June 1837. William, the third son of George III and younger brother and successor to George IV, was the last king and penultimate monarch of the House of Hanover, the wording of the proclamation even gave as a caveat Caveat , the third-person singular present subjunctive of the Latin cavere, means "warning" (or more literally, "let him beware", "let her beware" or "let it beware"); it can be shorthand for Latin phrases such as::

"...saving the rights of any issue of his late Majesty King William IV, which may be born of his late Majesty's consort."

This provided for the possibility that William's wife Queen Adelaide Princess Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen was the queen consort of the United Kingdom and of Hanover as spouse of William IV of the United Kingdom. The Australian city of Adelaide is named after her was pregnant at the moment of his death—since such a child, if born and regardless of the gender of the child, would have displaced Victoria from the throne.^[1]

Women as heirs apparent

Obviously, in a system of absolute primogeniture that does consider gender, female heirs apparent occur. Several European monarchies that have adopted such systems in the last few decades furnish practical examples: Crown Princess Victoria Victoria, Crown Princess of Sweden, Duchess of Västergötland is the heiress to the Swedish throne. If she ascends to the throne as expected she will be Sweden's fourth queen regnant (after Queen Margaret, Queen Christina, and Queen Ulrika Eleonora) of Sweden is the oldest child of King Carl XVI Gustaf Carl XVI Gustaf has been King of Sweden (Swedish: 'Sveriges Konung') since 15 September 1973. He is the only son of the late Prince Gustaf Adolf, Duke of Västerbotten and Princess Sibylla of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. He ascended to the throne upon the death of his grandfather, King Gustaf VI Adolf and is his heir apparent, Princess Catharina-Amalia of the Netherlands Princess Catharina-Amalia of the Netherlands, Princess of Orange-Nassau , is the first child of Willem-Alexander, Prince of Orange, the heir apparent to the throne of the Netherlands, and Princess Máxima of the Netherlands, his spouse, Princess Elisabeth of Belgium Princess Elisabeth of Belgium is the eldest daughter of Prince Philippe, Duke of Brabant, the heir apparent to the throne of Belgium, and his wife Princess Mathilde. She is a granddaughter of Albert II, King of the Belgians and Queen Paola, and Princess Ingrid Alexandra of Norway Princess Ingrid Alexandra of Norway was born 21 January 2004 at 9:13am in Rikshospitalet University Hospital in Oslo. She weighed 3,686 grams and was 51 centimetres (20 inches) long are all heirs apparent to their fathers (who are in each case heir apparent to their respective countries' thrones). However, Crown Princess Victoria Victoria, Crown Princess of Sweden, Duchess of Västergötland is the heiress to the Swedish throne. If she ascends to the throne as expected she will be Sweden's fourth queen regnant (after Queen Margaret, Queen Christina, and Queen Ulrika Eleonora) was not heiress apparent from birth (in 1977), but gained the status in 1980 following a change in the Swedish Act of Succession The Act of Succession, or Successionsordningen, is a part of the Swedish Constitution. It was adopted by the Riksdag of the Estates on September 26, 1810, and it regulates the right of members of the House of Bernadotte to accede to the Swedish throne. The current monarch of Sweden is King Carl XVI Gustaf. Her younger brother, Carl Philip (born 1979) was thus heir apparent for a few months.

But even in legal systems (such as the UK's) that apply male-preference primogeniture, female heirs apparent are by no means impossible: if a male heir apparent dies leaving no sons but at least one daughter, then the daughter (the eldest daughter) would replace her father as heir apparent to whatever throne or title is concerned, but only when it has become clear that the widow of the deceased isn't pregnant. Then, as the representative of her father's line she would place ahead of any more distant relatives. Such a situation has not to date occurred with the English or British throne; several times an heir apparent has died, but each example has either been childless or left a son or sons.

In one special case, however, England and Scotland had a female heir apparent. The Revolution The Glorious Revolution, also called the Revolution of 1688, was the overthrow of King James II of England in 1688 by a union of Parliamentarians with an invading army led by the Dutch stadtholder William III of Orange-Nassau (William of Orange) who, as a result, ascended the English throne as William III of England. The expression "Glorious settlement The Bill of Rights is an act of the Parliament of England, whose title is An Act Declaring the Rights and Liberties of the Subject and Settling the Succession of the Crown. It is often called the English Bill of Rights that established William William III was a sovereign Prince of Orange by birth. From 1672 he governed as Stadtholder William III of Orange over Holland, Zeeland, Utrecht, Guelders, and Overijssel of the Dutch Republic. From 1689 he reigned as William III over England and Ireland, and as William II over Scotland. He is informally known in Northern Ireland and Scotland as & and Mary Mary II reigned as Queen of England, Scotland, and Ireland from 1689 until her death. Mary, a Protestant, came to the thrones following the Glorious Revolution, which resulted in the deposition of her Roman Catholic father, James II and VII. Mary reigned jointly with her husband and first cousin, William III and II, who became the sole ruler of as joint monarchs in 1689 only gave the power to continue the succession through issue to Mary II, eldest daughter of the previous king, James II James II & VII was King of England and Ireland as James II, and Scotland as James VII, from 6 February 1685. He was the last Catholic monarch to reign over the Kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland. Some of James's subjects were unhappy with James's belief in absolute monarchy and opposed his religious policies, leading a group of them to. William, by contrast, was to reign for life only, and his children, if he had any (as he did not) by a wife other than Mary would be placed in his original place (as Mary's first cousin) in the line of succession—after Mary's younger sister Anne Anne became Queen of England, Scotland and Ireland on 8 March 1702, succeeding her brother-in-law, William III of England and II of Scotland. Her Catholic father, James II and VII, was deemed by the English Parliament to have abdicated when he was forced to retreat to France during the Glorious Revolution of 1688/9; her brother-in-law and her. Thus, although after Mary's death William William III was a sovereign Prince of Orange by birth. From 1672 he governed as Stadtholder William III of Orange over Holland, Zeeland, Utrecht, Guelders, and Overijssel of the Dutch Republic. From 1689 he reigned as William III over England and Ireland, and as William II over Scotland. He is informally known in Northern Ireland and Scotland as & continued to reign, he had no power to beget direct heirs,^[2] and Anne became the heir apparent for the remainder of William's reign. She eventually succeeded him as Queen of England, Scotland and Ireland. The distinction between "heir apparent" and "heir presumptive" is often ignored in cases where an heir presumptive has no practical prospect of being unseated. For instance, Princess Charlotte, Duchess of Valentinois, Isabel of Brazil, and the future Marie-Adélaïde, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg were each declared heirs-apparent (though the former renounced her succession rights in favor of her son Rainier III, Prince of Monaco , styled His Serene Highness The Sovereign Prince of Monaco, ruled the Principality of Monaco for more than 50 years, making him one of the longest ruling monarchs of the 20th century. Though he was best known outside of Europe for having married American actress Grace Kelly, he was also responsible for reforms to).

Displacement of heirs apparent

The position of an heir apparent is normally unshakable: it can be assumed they will inherit. Sometimes, however, extraordinary events—such as an untimely death or the deposition of the parent—intervene.

People who lost heir apparent status

• Parliament deposed James Francis Edward Stuart Prince James, Prince of Wales was the son of the deposed James II and VII. As such, he claimed the English, Scottish and Irish thrones (as James III of England and Ireland and James VIII of Scotland) from the death of his father in 1701, when he was proclaimed king of England, Scotland and Ireland by his cousin Louis XIV of France. Following his, the infant son of King James II & VII James II & VII was King of England and Ireland as James II, and Scotland as James VII, from 6 February 1685. He was the last Catholic monarch to reign over the Kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland. Some of James's subjects were unhappy with James's belief in absolute monarchy and opposed his religious policies, leading a group of them to (of England and Scotland respectively) whom James II was raising as a Catholic, as the King's legal heir apparent—declaring that James had, de facto, abdicated Abdication is the act of renouncing and resigning from a formal office, especially from the supreme office of state. In Roman law the term was also applied to the disowning of a family member, as the disinheriting of a son. The term commonly applies to monarchs, or those who have been formally crowned. A similar term for an elected or appointed— and offered the throne to James's oldest daughter, the young prince's much older Protestant Protestantism is a branch within Christianity, containing many denominations with some differing practices and doctrines, that principally originated in the sixteenth-century Protestant Reformation. It is considered to be one of the major divisions within Christianity, together with the Roman Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox and half-sister, Mary Mary II reigned as Queen of England, Scotland, and Ireland from 1689 until her death. Mary, a Protestant, came to the thrones following the Glorious Revolution, which resulted in the deposition of her Roman Catholic father, James II and VII. Mary reigned jointly with her husband and first cousin, William III and II, who became the sole ruler of (along with her husband, Prince William of Orange William III was a sovereign Prince of Orange by birth. From 1672 he governed as Stadtholder William III of Orange over Holland, Zeeland, Utrecht, Guelders, and Overijssel of the Dutch Republic. From 1689 he reigned as William III over England and Ireland, and as William II over Scotland. He is informally known in Northern Ireland and Scotland as &). When the exiled King James died in 1701, his Jacobite Jacobitism was the political movement dedicated to the restoration of the Stuart kings to the thrones of England, Scotland, and Ireland. The movement took its name from the Latin form Jacobus of the name of King James II and VII supporters proclaimed the exiled Prince James Francis Edward as King James III of England and James VIII of Scotland; but neither he nor his descendents were ever successful in their bids for the throne.
• Crown Prince Gustav (later known as Gustav, Prince of Vasa), son of Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden Gustav IV Adolf , was King of Sweden from 1792 until his abdication in 1809. He was the son of Gustav III of Sweden and his queen consort Sophia Magdalena, eldest daughter of Frederick V of Denmark and his first wife Louise of Great Britain. He was the last Swedish ruler of Finland lost his place when his father was deposed and replaced by his aged uncle, the Duke Carl, who became Charles XIII of Sweden Charles XIII & II (Stockholm, 7 October 1748 – Stockholm, 5 February 1818), was King of Sweden (as Charles XIII) from 1809 and King of Norway (as Charles II) from 1814 until his death. He was the second son of King Adolf Frederick of Sweden and Louisa Ulrika of Prussia, sister of Frederick the Great in 1809. The aged King Charles XIII did not have surviving sons, and Prince Gustav was the only living male of the whole dynasty (besides his deposed father), but the prince was never regarded as heir of Charles XIII, although there were groups in the Riksdag The Riksdag is the national legislative assembly of Sweden. The riksdag is a unicameral assembly with 349 members (Swedish: riksdagsledamöter), who are elected on a proportional basis to serve fixed terms of four years. The Riksdag building stands on the island of Helgeandsholmen in Stockholm and elsewhere in Sweden who desired to preserve him, and, in the subsequent constitutional elections, supported his election as his great-uncle's successor. Instead, the government proceeded to have a new crown prince elected (which was the proper constitutional action, if no male heir was left in the dynasty), and the Riksdag elected first August, Prince of Augustenborg, and then, after the death of the latter, the Prince of Ponte Corvo (Marshal Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte).
• Prince Carl Philip of Sweden, at his birth in 1979, was heir apparent to the throne of Sweden. A year later a change in that country's succession laws instituted absolute primogeniture, and Carl Philip was supplanted as heir apparent by his elder sister Victoria Victoria, Crown Princess of Sweden, Duchess of Västergötland is the heiress to the Swedish throne. If she ascends to the throne as expected she will be Sweden's fourth queen regnant (after Queen Margaret, Queen Christina, and Queen Ulrika Eleonora).

Breaching legal qualification of heirs apparent

In some jurisdictions, an heir apparent can automatically lose that status by breaching certain constitutional rules. Today, for example:

• A British Prince of Wales would lose his status The Act of Settlement is an act of the Parliament of England, originally filed in 1700, and passed in 1701, to settle the succession to the English throne on the Electress Sophia of Hanover—a granddaughter of James I—and her Protestant heirs. The act was later extended to Scotland as a result of the Treaty of Union , enacted in the Acts of as heir apparent if he became a Catholic, or married a Catholic.
• a Crown Prince/Princess of Sweden loses heir apparent status if they marry without approval of the monarch or, contrary to Swedish law, married the heir to another throne.
• a Dutch Prince or Princess of Orange would lose status as heir to the throne if they married without the approval of the Dutch parliament, or simply renounced the right.
• a Spanish Prince of Asturias would lose status if he married against the express prohibition of the monarch or the Cortes.
• A Belgian Crown Prince or Princess would lose heir apparent status if they married without the consent of the monarch, or becomes the monarch of another country.

Heirs apparent who never inherited the throne

• William Adelin (1103-1120) was the only legitimate son of King Henry I of England, who drowned in the White Ship disaster off the coast of Barfleur in the English Channel in 1120. His cousin Stephen allegedly left the ship at the last minute before it sailed. As a direct result of William's death, Stephen later usurped the English throne from William's sister Matilda, leading to the period known as the Anarchy.
• Edward, the Black Prince (1330-1376) was the eldest son of King Edward III of England, and victor of the Battle of Poitiers. He died before his father, who was instead succeeded by the Black Prince's son Richard II.
• Edward of Westminster, Prince of Wales (1453-1471)was the only son of King Henry VI of England. His father was deposed in 1461 and restored to the throne in 1470. Edward was killed at the Battle of Tewkesbury in 1471.
• Arthur, Prince of Wales (1486-1502) was the eldest son of King Henry VII of England and first husband of Catherine of Aragon. His sudden death within four months of his marriage passed the succession to his younger brother, Henry VIII, who also married his widow. The question of whether Catherine had lost her virginity to Arthur was central to Henry's later demand for a marriage annulment, which led to the Protestant Reformation in England.
• Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales (1594-1612) - eldest son of King James I
• Louis, le grand Dauphin (1661-1711) was the son of Louis XIV, King of France and of Navarre. He died before his father, and the throne eventually went to the Grand Dauphin's grandson who became Louis XV
• Yinreng (1674-1725) — Yinreng was an heir apparent to the imperial throne of Qing Dynasty of China. Yinreng was deprived of his position twice by the Kangxi Emperor.
• Louis, Dauphin and Duke of Burgundy (1682-1712) was the eldest son of Louis, le grand dauphin, and grandson of Louis XIV. He died of measles less than a year after his father. His son, Louis XV, ultimately succeeded Louis XIV
• Frederick, Prince of Wales (1707-1751) was the Prince of Wales and heir apparent of George II of Great Britain. He died in 1751, nine years before his father.
• Louis, Dauphin of France (1729-1765) was the son of Louis XV, King of France and Navarre. He died before his father, and the throne eventually went to his son, who became Louis XVI
• Crown Prince Sado of Joseon (Korea) (1735-1762) was heir apparent to King Yeongjo of Joseon (Korea). Because of his lifelong erratic behavior, his father forced him to commit suicide by locking him in a rice chest, where he died in a span of 8 days. Sado's son succeeded his grandfather as King Jeongjo of Joseon.
• Louis-Antoine, Dauphin and Duke of Angouleme (1775-1844) was eldest son and heir apparent of King Charles X of France. Charles, however, abdicated, as did Louis himself, in favour of Louis' nephew the young Henri, only for the throne to be seized by a cousin, King Louis-Philippe of France in 1830.
• Ferdinand Philippe, Duke of Orléans (1810-1842), eldest son of Louis-Philippe of France; a popular young liberal, died in a carriage accident six years before his father's overthrow.
• Prince Leopold, Duke of Brabant (1859-1869), was the only legitimate son of King Leopold II of Belgium, who died from pneumonia, after falling into a pond.
• Philippe, comte de Paris (1838-1894), eldest son of Ferdinand Philippe, Duke of Orléans was heir apparent to his grandfather Louis-Philippe after his father's death. Attempts to put him on the throne after Louis Philippe's abdication were unsuccessful, and he became known as the Orléanist pretender.
• William, Prince of Orange (1843-1879) was the eldest son of William III of the Netherlands by his first wife. Forbidden by his father to marry his chosen bride, he lived a life of debauchery in Paris and predeceased his father.
• Alexander, Prince of Orange (1851-1884), third son of William III of the Netherlands by his first wife, died ,of typhus, before his father.
• Crown Prince Rudolf of Austria (1858-1889) was the only son of Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria. He committed suicide with his mistress in 1889.
• Crown Prince Luís Filipe of Portugal (1887-1908) was heir apparent to King Carlos. The joint assassination of the king and his heir apparent in 1908 left the throne to the teenage Manuel II of Portugal. Portugal became a republic in 1910.
• Tsarevich Alexei Nikolaevich of Russia (1904-1918) was the youngest child and only son of Tsar Nicholas II of Russia, and heir apparent to the Russian throne. When Nicholas abdicated in March 1917, he also abdicated in the name of his son, which was, in effect, against the law in Russia. However the monarchy was abolished days later, so it made no difference. Alexei was murdered in 1918 along with the rest of his family. For years, many people believed he escaped his killers, since his body hadn't been found/. His body, and the bodies of one his sisters, the rest of his family, and his servant were found in 2007.^[3]
• Vittorio Emanuele, Prince of Naples (b. 1937) became crown prince of Italy after his father ascended to the throne as Umberto II. His father lost the throne one month later.
• Leka, Crown Prince of Albania (b. 1939) was the son of Zog I who the Italians expelled two days after Leka's birth.
• Crown Prince Amedeo of Savoy, Duke of Aosta (b. 1943) as the son of Tomislav II of Croatia, abdicated due to the Armistice between Italy and Allied armed forces, when Amedeo was only two weeks old.
• Alexander, Crown Prince of Yugoslavia (b. 1945) as the son of Peter II, the Communists deposed when Alexander was only a few months old.

Heirs apparent as of 2009

• HRH Crown Prince Salman bin Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa is the heir apparent to the throne of Bahrain.
• HRH Prince Philippe, Duke of Brabant is the heir apparent to the throne of Belgium.
• HRH Crown Prince Al-Muhtadee Billah is the heir apparent to the throne of Brunei.
• HRH Crown Prince Frederik of Denmark is the heir apparent to the throne of Denmark.
• Sheikh Hamdan bin Mohammed bin Rashid al Maktoum is the heir apparent to the throne of Dubai.
• HIH Crown Prince Naruhito of Japan is the heir apparent to the Chrysanthemum Throne of Japan.
• HRH Crown Prince Hussein bin Al Abdullah is the heir apparent to the throne of Jordan.
• HRH Crown Prince Nawaf Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah is the heir apparent to the throne of Kuwait. (He was nominated as such.)
• HRH Prince Lerotholi Seeiso is the heir apparent to the throne of Lesotho.
• HSH Prince Alois of Liechtenstein is the heir apparent to the throne of Liechtenstein.
• HRH Hereditary Grand Duke Guillaume of Luxembourg is the heir apparent to the throne of Luxembourg.
• HRH Crown Prince Moulay Hassan is the heir apparent to the throne of Morocco.
• HRH Prince Willem-Alexander, Prince of Orange is the heir apparent to the throne of the Netherlands.
• HRH Crown Prince Haakon of Norway is the heir apparent to the throne of Norway.
• HRH Sheikh Tamim Bin Hamad Al Thani is the heir apparent to the throne of Qatar.
• HRH Crown Prince Sultan bin Abdul Aziz al-Saud is the heir apparent to the throne of Saudi Arabia.
• HRH the Prince Felipe, Prince of Asturias is the heir apparent to the throne of Spain.
• HRH Crown Princess Victoria, Duchess of Västergötland is the heiress apparent to the throne of Sweden.
• HRH Crown Prince Maha Vajiralongkorn is the heir apparent to the throne of Thailand.
• HRH The Prince of Wales is equally the heir apparent to the United Kingdom and the fifteen other Commonwealth realms.

Notes

1. ^ Proclamations of Accessions of British Sovereigns (1547-1952)
2. ^ “King James’ Parliament: The succession of William and Mary - begins 13/2/1689”, The History and Proceedings of the House of Commons: volume 2: 1680-1695 (1742), pp. 255-77. [1] Accessed: 16 February 2007.
3. ^ BBC NEWS | Europe | Tsar's lost children identified

Categories: Monarchy | Inheritance

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• Heir Apparent
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